Overview
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy tissues, affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs.
Symptoms
Fatigue and fever Joint pain, stiffness, and swelling Butterfly-shaped rash on the face Photosensitivity Kidney problems and fluid retention
Causes
Autoimmune reaction with unclear exact triggers Genetic predisposition Environmental triggers such as sunlight or infections Hormonal factors
Diagnosis
Blood tests for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) Complement levels and other autoimmune markers Urine tests for kidney involvement Clinical examination for characteristic symptoms
Treatment
Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) Corticosteroids for flare-ups Immunosuppressants for severe cases Hydroxychloroquine for skin and joint symptoms Regular monitoring of organ function