Overview
Spina bifida is a birth defect where the spinal column does not close completely during fetal development, potentially causing physical and neurological complications.
Symptoms
Visible spinal deformity or sac on the back Weakness or paralysis in the legs Loss of bladder or bowel control Orthopedic issues such as clubfoot or scoliosis Hydrocephalus in severe cases
Causes
Incomplete closure of the neural tube during early fetal development Genetic predisposition Insufficient folic acid intake during pregnancy
Diagnosis
Prenatal ultrasound or MRI Maternal blood tests (AFP screening) Physical examination after birth
Treatment
Surgery to close the spinal defect, sometimes before birth Physical therapy to improve mobility Management of bladder, bowel, and orthopedic complications Ongoing monitoring for neurological issues