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Q fever

Information from the Medical Directory health library.

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This information supports, and does not replace, advice from your healthcare professional.

Overview

Q fever is an infection caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii , usually acquired from animals (cattle, sheep, goats) or contaminated dust.

Symptoms

Sudden high fever, chills, sweating Severe headache Muscle aches and fatigue Cough or chest discomfort Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea

Causes

Inhalation of contaminated aerosols from animal birth products, urine, milk or faeces Rarely, unpasteurised dairy products Occupational exposure (farmers, abattoir workers, veterinarians)

Diagnosis

Blood tests (serology for phase I/II antibodies) PCR in early disease (where available) Chest X-ray if pneumonia suspected

Treatment

Doxycycline is first-line for acute disease Longer courses (often doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine) for chronic Q fever (e.g., endocarditis) Supportive care: rest, fluids, antipyretics

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