Overview
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells, leading to anemia, infections, or bleeding problems.
Symptoms
Fatigue and weakness due to anemia Frequent infections from low white blood cell count Easy bruising or bleeding from low platelet count Shortness of breath or palpitations Pale skin
Causes
Defective development of blood cells in the bone marrow Genetic mutations in blood cell precursors Exposure to chemotherapy, radiation, or certain chemicals Age-related risk (more common in older adults)
Diagnosis
Blood tests to check red and white blood cells, and platelets Bone marrow biopsy to assess cell abnormalities Genetic testing for chromosomal abnormalities
Treatment
Supportive care: blood transfusions and antibiotics Medications to stimulate blood cell production Chemotherapy or targeted therapy in severe cases Bone marrow or stem cell transplant in eligible patients