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Myasthenia gravis

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This information supports, and does not replace, advice from your healthcare professional.

Overview

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease causing weakness in the skeletal muscles responsible for breathing, swallowing, and other movements.

Symptoms

Muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest Drooping eyelids (ptosis) and double vision (diplopia) Difficulty swallowing or speaking Fatigue in arms, legs, or neck muscles Respiratory difficulties in severe cases

Causes

Autoimmune antibodies blocking or destroying acetylcholine receptors Thymus gland abnormalities Genetic susceptibility may increase risk

Diagnosis

Neurological examination Blood tests for antibodies Electromyography (EMG) for muscle response Imaging for thymus abnormalities

Treatment

Medications to improve neuromuscular transmission (e.g., anticholinesterase drugs) Immunosuppressive therapy to reduce autoimmune response Thymectomy in select cases Supportive care for breathing and swallowing difficulties

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