Overview
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease causing weakness in the skeletal muscles responsible for breathing, swallowing, and other movements.
Symptoms
Muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest Drooping eyelids (ptosis) and double vision (diplopia) Difficulty swallowing or speaking Fatigue in arms, legs, or neck muscles Respiratory difficulties in severe cases
Causes
Autoimmune antibodies blocking or destroying acetylcholine receptors Thymus gland abnormalities Genetic susceptibility may increase risk
Diagnosis
Neurological examination Blood tests for antibodies Electromyography (EMG) for muscle response Imaging for thymus abnormalities
Treatment
Medications to improve neuromuscular transmission (e.g., anticholinesterase drugs) Immunosuppressive therapy to reduce autoimmune response Thymectomy in select cases Supportive care for breathing and swallowing difficulties