Overview
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders causing progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass due to abnormal genes interfering with muscle protein production.
Symptoms
Progressive muscle weakness Difficulty walking or running Muscle pain and stiffness Frequent falls or trouble climbing stairs Respiratory or heart complications in some types
Causes
Inherited genetic mutations affecting muscle proteins Some cases are X-linked, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive
Diagnosis
Physical examination and muscle strength testing Genetic testing to identify specific mutations Electromyography and muscle biopsy in some cases Blood tests for elevated creatine kinase levels
Treatment
No cure; treatment focuses on symptom management Physical therapy and exercise to maintain mobility Orthopedic devices, braces, or surgery if needed Medications to manage heart and respiratory complications