Overview
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a fast-growing cancer of the bone marrow and blood, affecting myeloid cells responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is more common in adults.
Symptoms
Fatigue and weakness Frequent infections Easy bruising or bleeding Shortness of breath Fever Bone or joint pain
Causes
Genetic mutations in myeloid stem cells Previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy Exposure to certain chemicals (benzene) Genetic disorders like Down syndrome can increase risk
Diagnosis
Complete blood count (CBC) showing abnormal blood cells Bone marrow biopsy to identify leukemic cells Cytogenetic and molecular tests to determine AML subtype
Treatment
Intensive chemotherapy as primary treatment Targeted therapy or immunotherapy in specific cases Stem cell or bone marrow transplantation for eligible patients Supportive care for infections, anemia, and bleeding