Overview
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, slowing down the body's metabolism.
Symptoms
Fatigue and weakness Weight gain despite normal diet Cold intolerance Dry skin and hair loss Constipation Depression or low mood Slow heart rate
Causes
Autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) Thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine therapy Iodine deficiency Certain medications affecting thyroid function Congenital hypothyroidism in newborns
Diagnosis
Blood tests: TSH (elevated), T4 (low) Thyroid antibody tests to detect autoimmune causes Medical history and physical examination
Treatment
Daily thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine) Regular monitoring of thyroid function tests Lifestyle adjustments to manage symptoms
Complications
Goiter (enlarged thyroid) Heart problems (bradycardia, heart failure) Myxedema (severe, life-threatening hypothyroidism) Infertility or pregnancy complications
Prevention
Early detection through routine screening Adequate iodine intake in diet Follow-up for people at risk due to family history or autoimmune conditions