Overview
Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, causing dangerously low body temperature.
Symptoms
Shivering (may stop in severe hypothermia) Slow or shallow breathing Confusion or memory loss Drowsiness or exhaustion Weak pulse or loss of consciousness in severe cases
Causes
Prolonged exposure to cold weather or water Inadequate clothing or shelter Medical conditions affecting heat production (hypothyroidism, malnutrition) Alcohol or drug use impairing thermoregulation
Diagnosis
Measurement of core body temperature Physical examination for symptoms Assessment of vital signs
Treatment
Move the person to a warm environment Remove wet clothing and provide dry blankets Warm the body gradually using warm fluids or heating devices Medical attention for severe cases, including intravenous warming
Complications
Frostbite or tissue damage Heart and respiratory failure Shock or death in severe hypothermia
Prevention
Wear appropriate clothing in cold weather Avoid prolonged exposure to cold environments Stay dry and nourished in cold conditions