Overview
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition where the parathyroid glands produce insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood.
Symptoms
Muscle cramps or spasms (tetany) Burning or tingling in fingertips, toes, or lips Fatigue and weakness Dry skin and brittle nails Seizures in severe cases
Causes
Accidental damage or removal of parathyroid glands during neck surgery Autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands Genetic disorders affecting parathyroid development Low magnesium levels affecting PTH secretion
Diagnosis
Blood tests: calcium, phosphate, magnesium, PTH levels ECG to detect heart rhythm disturbances Medical history and physical examination
Treatment
Calcium and vitamin D supplementation Magnesium supplements if needed Recombinant PTH therapy in selected cases Regular monitoring of blood calcium and phosphate
Complications
Seizures and muscle spasms Cardiac arrhythmias Dental problems and cataracts
Prevention
Careful surgical techniques to avoid parathyroid damage Early detection and treatment of autoimmune or genetic causes