Overview
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to high calcium levels in the blood.
Symptoms
Fatigue and weakness Bone pain or fractures Kidney stones Frequent urination and thirst Nausea, vomiting, or constipation
Causes
Parathyroid adenomas (benign tumors) Enlargement of multiple parathyroid glands (hyperplasia) Parathyroid cancer (rare) Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease
Diagnosis
Blood tests: calcium, PTH, phosphate Urine tests for calcium Imaging: ultrasound or sestamibi scan of parathyroid glands
Treatment
Surgical removal of overactive parathyroid glands Medications to control calcium levels Monitoring and lifestyle adjustments
Complications
Osteoporosis and fractures Kidney stones and kidney damage Heart rhythm disturbances
Prevention
Regular blood tests for calcium and PTH if at risk Early treatment of underlying kidney disease