Overview
Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, often caused by obstruction in the urinary tract or vesicoureteral reflux.
Symptoms
Flank or abdominal pain Frequent urinary tract infections Urination problems or decreased urine output Swelling in the abdomen or side
Causes
Kidney stones Urinary tract obstruction Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract Enlarged prostate in adults
Diagnosis
Ultrasound of the kidneys CT scan or MRI for detailed imaging Urine tests to detect infection or blood Renal function tests
Treatment
Relief of obstruction through surgery or catheterization Antibiotics for urinary tract infections Monitoring kidney function
Complications
Permanently damaged kidneys if untreated Recurrent infections High blood pressure
Prevention
Early treatment of urinary tract infections and kidney stones Regular check-ups for those with congenital urinary tract issues