Overview
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common viral infection affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Some types can cause genital warts or lead to cancers such as cervical cancer.
Symptoms
Often asymptomatic Genital or oral warts Abnormal cervical screening results in women Rarely, respiratory or throat lesions
Causes
Sexual contact with an infected person Skin-to-skin contact in affected areas Immunocompromised individuals are at higher risk
Diagnosis
Visual examination for warts Cervical screening (Pap smear) in women HPV DNA tests for high-risk strains
Treatment
Removal of warts via topical treatments, cryotherapy, or surgery Monitoring and treatment of precancerous lesions Vaccination to prevent infection with common HPV types
Complications
Cervical, anal, or oropharyngeal cancers from high-risk strains Recurrence of warts Emotional or psychological impact
Prevention
HPV vaccination Safe sexual practices, including condom use Regular cervical screening for women