Overview
Hives (urticaria) are raised, itchy red or skin-colored welts on the skin, often caused by an allergic reaction, stress, or other triggers.
Symptoms
Raised, red or skin-colored welts Intense itching or burning sensation Welts that vary in size and shape and may merge Flare-ups that come and go
Causes
Allergic reactions to foods, medications, or insect stings Physical triggers: pressure, cold, heat, sunlight Stress or infections Autoimmune responses in chronic cases
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the skin Patient history and trigger identification Allergy testing if needed
Treatment
Antihistamines to reduce itching and swelling Topical corticosteroids for localized reactions Avoidance of identified triggers Severe cases: epinephrine or systemic therapy
Complications
Swelling of the throat or tongue (angioedema) Chronic hives affecting quality of life Rarely, anaphylaxis in severe allergic reactions
Prevention
Avoid known allergens or triggers Manage stress and underlying conditions Carry emergency medication if at risk of severe reactions