Overview
Hip dysplasia is a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly, causing instability or dislocation. It can affect one or both hips and is often detected in infants.
Symptoms
Asymmetry in leg length or folds in infants Limited range of motion in the hip Limping or waddling gait in older children Pain in the hip, groin, or knee in adolescents/adults
Causes
Genetic predisposition Positioning in the womb (breech birth) Loose ligaments or connective tissue disorders Female sex is more commonly affected
Diagnosis
Physical examination in infants and children Ultrasound for infants younger than 6 months X-rays for older children and adults
Treatment
Pavlik harness or braces for infants Surgical intervention for severe cases Physical therapy for rehabilitation
Complications
Osteoarthritis in adulthood Chronic pain and reduced mobility Hip dislocation if untreated
Prevention
Screening newborns for hip dysplasia Proper swaddling techniques Early intervention when instability is detected