Overview
Hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue, often in the abdomen or groin.
Symptoms
Visible bulge in the affected area Pain or discomfort, especially when lifting or bending Weakness or pressure in the abdomen or groin Occasionally nausea or vomiting if complications arise
Causes
Muscle weakness due to aging or injury Heavy lifting or straining Chronic coughing or constipation Congenital weakness in the abdominal wall
Diagnosis
Physical examination and patient history Ultrasound or CT scan to confirm and locate hernia
Treatment
Surgical repair for symptomatic or complicated hernias Watchful waiting for small, painless hernias Supportive measures such as trusses or lifestyle adjustments
Complications
Incarceration: hernia trapped and cannot be pushed back Strangulation: blood supply cut off, leading to tissue death Recurrence after surgery in some cases
Prevention
Maintain a healthy weight Avoid heavy lifting or use proper techniques Treat persistent coughs or constipation promptly