Overview
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, transmitted through blood, sexual contact, or from mother to baby at birth.
Symptoms
Fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes) Abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting Dark urine and pale stools Joint pain and mild fever
Causes
Exposure to infected blood or body fluids Unprotected sexual contact From mother to newborn during childbirth Sharing needles or syringes
Diagnosis
Blood tests to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies
Treatment
Acute hepatitis B usually resolves without treatment Chronic hepatitis B may require antiviral medications Regular monitoring of liver function and screening for complications
Complications
Chronic hepatitis B infection Liver cirrhosis and liver failure Liver cancer
Prevention
Hepatitis B vaccination Safe sex practices Avoid sharing needles or personal items that may have blood