Overview
Heartburn and acid reflux occur when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest or throat.
Symptoms
Burning sensation in the chest or throat Regurgitation of food or sour liquid Difficulty swallowing Chronic cough or sore throat
Causes
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Hiatal hernia Obesity or pregnancy Certain foods and beverages (spicy, fatty, or acidic) Smoking and alcohol consumption
Diagnosis
Medical history and symptom review Endoscopy to examine the esophagus pH monitoring of the esophagus
Treatment
Lifestyle changes: avoid trigger foods, lose weight, elevate head while sleeping Medications: antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors Surgery in severe or refractory cases
Complications
Esophagitis or inflammation of the esophagus Esophageal strictures or narrowing Barrett’s esophagus with increased cancer risk
Prevention
Avoid trigger foods and overeating Maintain healthy weight Stop smoking and limit alcohol Eat smaller meals and avoid lying down immediately after eating