Overview
Haemorrhoids , also called piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus, causing discomfort, itching, and sometimes bleeding.
Symptoms
Pain, itching, or swelling around the anus Bleeding during bowel movements A lump near the anus that may be sensitive or painful
Causes
Straining during bowel movements Chronic constipation or diarrhea Pregnancy and increased pressure on pelvic veins
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the anal area Digital rectal exam Proctoscopy or colonoscopy if needed
Treatment
Lifestyle changes: high-fiber diet, hydration, avoiding straining Topical creams, ointments, or suppositories Medical procedures for severe cases (banding, surgery)
Complications
Chronic pain or bleeding Blood clots in external haemorrhoids
Prevention
Eat a high-fiber diet and drink plenty of fluids Regular exercise and avoid prolonged sitting Promptly address constipation or diarrhea