Overview
Gynaecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in males, often caused by hormonal imbalances between estrogen and testosterone. It can affect one or both breasts and is common during infancy, adolescence, and older age.
Symptoms
Swollen breast gland tissue Tenderness or sensitivity in the breast Possible asymmetry between breasts Occasionally, pain or discomfort
Causes
Hormonal changes during puberty or aging Medications such as anti-androgens, steroids, or certain antidepressants Underlying health conditions (liver disease, kidney disease, thyroid disorders) Obesity, which can increase estrogen levels
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the breast tissue Blood tests to check hormone levels Imaging such as mammography or ultrasound if needed Biopsy in rare cases to rule out breast cancer
Treatment
Observation in cases related to puberty, often resolves on its own Medications to adjust hormonal imbalance Surgery (mastectomy or liposuction) for persistent or severe cases
Complications
Psychological distress or self-consciousness Rarely, underlying serious health issues if left untreated
Prevention
Maintain healthy weight and lifestyle Monitor medications that may affect hormones Regular check-ups if risk factors or symptoms develop