Overview
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves, causing muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis.
Symptoms
Weakness or tingling in legs, progressing to arms Difficulty walking or climbing stairs Loss of reflexes In severe cases, paralysis and breathing difficulties
Causes
Immune system response triggered by infection, vaccination, or surgery Exact cause unknown in some cases
Diagnosis
Neurological examination and assessment of muscle strength Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid via lumbar puncture
Treatment
Hospitalization in severe cases Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange Physical therapy and supportive care
Complications
Respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support Persistent weakness or nerve damage Autonomic dysfunction (blood pressure, heart rate)
Prevention
No guaranteed prevention; early recognition and treatment improve outcomes