Overview
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune disorder causing inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis), mainly affecting the respiratory tract and kidneys.
Symptoms
Persistent sinus infections or nasal congestion Shortness of breath or coughing, sometimes with blood Joint pain and fatigue Kidney problems, including blood in urine
Causes
Autoimmune response causing inflammation of blood vessels Exact trigger unknown; genetic and environmental factors may play a role
Diagnosis
Blood tests for specific antibodies (ANCA) Imaging (CT scans) of sinuses, lungs, and kidneys Tissue biopsy confirming vasculitis and granulomas
Treatment
Immunosuppressive medications (corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide) Biologic therapies for severe cases Regular monitoring of organ function
Complications
Kidney failure Lung damage or bleeding Increased risk of infections due to immunosuppressive therapy
Prevention
No known prevention, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial