Overview
Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to sudden and severe pain, redness, and swelling.
Symptoms
Intense joint pain, often in the big toe Redness, warmth, and swelling of the affected joint Limited range of motion during flare-ups Symptoms often occur suddenly, often at night
Causes
Excess uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia) Diet high in purines (red meat, seafood, alcohol) Obesity, certain medications, and genetic predisposition
Diagnosis
Joint fluid analysis for urate crystals Blood tests to measure uric acid levels Imaging (X-ray, ultrasound) to check joint damage
Treatment
Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids) Medications to lower uric acid levels (allopurinol, febuxostat) Lifestyle changes including diet and exercise
Complications
Chronic arthritis and joint damage Kidney stones and renal problems
Prevention
Maintain healthy weight and diet Limit alcohol and purine-rich foods Regular monitoring of uric acid levels