Overview
Flat feet (pes planus) is a condition in which the arches of the feet are lower than normal or absent. It can be present from birth or develop over time.
Symptoms
Pain or discomfort in feet, legs, or lower back Swelling along the inside of the ankle Difficulty standing on toes Rapid fatigue when walking or running
Causes
Genetic factors Weak arches or ligaments Injury or arthritis Obesity increasing stress on feet
Diagnosis
Physical examination of foot structure Observation of gait and posture X-rays if structural issues suspected
Treatment
Supportive shoes or orthotic inserts Stretching and strengthening exercises Pain management with medication if necessary Surgery in severe or symptomatic cases
Complications
Chronic foot, knee, or back pain Altered walking pattern leading to other musculoskeletal issues
Prevention
Early recognition and supportive footwear in children Maintaining healthy weight Foot exercises to strengthen arches