Overview
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) refers to a range of effects caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. It can result in physical, cognitive, and behavioral difficulties in children.
Symptoms
Facial abnormalities (small eyes, thin upper lip) Growth deficiencies Learning difficulties and poor memory Behavioral and social challenges
Causes
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Diagnosis
Physical examination Developmental assessments Review of prenatal alcohol exposure history
Treatment
Supportive therapies (speech, occupational, behavioral) Educational support and individualized learning plans Medical management of coexisting conditions
Complications
Intellectual disability Learning and behavioral challenges Social difficulties and mental health issues
Prevention
Avoid alcohol entirely during pregnancy Education for expectant mothers and families