Overview
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Symptoms
Seizures, which may involve convulsions, staring spells, or unusual sensations Temporary confusion or memory loss Loss of consciousness or awareness Emotional or behavioral changes
Causes
Genetic factors Brain injuries, stroke, or infections Developmental disorders Unknown causes in many cases
Diagnosis
Medical history and neurological examination Electroencephalogram (EEG) Imaging tests like MRI or CT scan
Treatment
Anti-seizure medications Vagus nerve stimulation or responsive neurostimulation Surgery in refractory cases Lifestyle adjustments and seizure precautions
Complications
Injury during seizures Psychosocial issues like anxiety or depression Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)
Prevention
Managing underlying conditions and avoiding triggers Adhering to prescribed medications