Overview
Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe, and can cause life-threatening airway obstruction.
Symptoms
Severe sore throat Difficulty swallowing Drooling High fever and chills Stridor (noisy breathing)
Causes
Bacterial infections, most commonly Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) Other bacterial or viral infections
Diagnosis
Physical examination and observation of breathing Neck X-ray or imaging if safe Blood cultures to identify infection
Treatment
Immediate airway management and hospitalization Intravenous antibiotics Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation Supportive care including fluids and oxygen
Complications
Airway obstruction Sepsis or bloodstream infection Respiratory failure if untreated
Prevention
Hib vaccination in children Prompt treatment of throat infections