Overview
Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube. It is a medical emergency that can be life-threatening if untreated.
Symptoms
Abdominal or pelvic pain Vaginal bleeding or spotting Dizziness or fainting Shoulder pain (if bleeding irritates the diaphragm) Symptoms of shock in severe cases
Causes
Previous ectopic pregnancy or tubal surgery Inflammation or infection of fallopian tubes (e.g., PID) Structural abnormalities of fallopian tubes Fertility treatments in some cases
Diagnosis
Pelvic ultrasound Blood tests to check hCG hormone levels Physical examination and symptom evaluation
Treatment
Medication (methotrexate) for early ectopic pregnancy Surgical removal of ectopic tissue if rupture occurs or medication fails Monitoring of hCG levels until normalized
Complications
Rupture of fallopian tube causing internal bleeding Shock or life-threatening blood loss Future fertility issues if tubes are damaged
Prevention
Early treatment of pelvic infections Careful monitoring after fertility treatments Awareness of risk factors for ectopic pregnancy