Overview
Early or premature menopause occurs when a woman’s ovarian function ceases before the age of 40, leading to decreased estrogen levels and cessation of menstrual periods.
Symptoms
Irregular or missed periods Hot flashes and night sweats Mood changes and irritability Vaginal dryness and decreased libido Sleep disturbances
Causes
Genetic factors Autoimmune disorders Cancer treatments (chemotherapy, radiation) Surgical removal of ovaries Unknown in some cases
Diagnosis
Blood tests to measure hormone levels Medical and family history Exclusion of other causes of irregular periods
Treatment
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) if appropriate Calcium and vitamin D supplementation Lifestyle modifications: exercise, balanced diet Management of emotional and sexual health
Complications
Osteoporosis due to low estrogen Increased risk of cardiovascular disease Infertility Mood disorders
Prevention
Regular health check-ups Awareness of family history Healthy lifestyle to reduce risk factors