Overview
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection affecting the throat and nose, caused by *Corynebacterium diphtheriae*. It can lead to breathing difficulties, heart failure, and nerve damage if untreated.
Symptoms
Sore throat and difficulty swallowing Thick, gray coating in the throat or nose Fever and chills Swollen neck glands (“bull neck” appearance)
Causes
Infection with *Corynebacterium diphtheriae* Transmission through respiratory droplets or contact with infected objects
Diagnosis
Throat swab for bacterial culture Physical examination of symptoms Laboratory testing for toxin production
Treatment
Antitoxin to neutralize bacterial toxin Antibiotics such as penicillin or erythromycin Supportive care for breathing and heart issues
Complications
Myocarditis (heart inflammation) Nerve damage and paralysis Respiratory obstruction Death if untreated
Prevention
Vaccination with DTP or Tdap vaccine Good hygiene and avoiding contact with infected individuals