Overview
Diabetic retinopathy is an eye complication of diabetes where high blood sugar damages blood vessels in the retina, potentially leading to vision loss or blindness.
Symptoms
Blurred or fluctuating vision Dark spots or floaters in vision Impaired color vision Vision loss in advanced stages
Causes
Chronic high blood sugar damaging retinal vessels Long-standing diabetes High blood pressure or cholesterol worsening damage
Diagnosis
Comprehensive dilated eye exam Fundus photography or retinal imaging Fluorescein angiography to check blood vessel leakage
Treatment
Good blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control Laser therapy to seal leaking vessels Anti-VEGF injections for macular edema Vitrectomy surgery for severe cases
Complications
Partial or complete vision loss Macular edema Retinal detachment
Prevention
Strict blood sugar control Regular eye exams for diabetics Management of hypertension and cholesterol Avoid smoking