Overview
Depression in adults refers to depressive disorders affecting individuals aged 18 and above. It involves persistent low mood, loss of interest, and functional impairment in personal, social, or occupational life.
Symptoms
Persistent sadness or emptiness Loss of motivation or interest in work and hobbies Changes in sleep and appetite Fatigue and low energy Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Causes
Genetic and biological factors Stressful life events or trauma Chronic medical conditions Imbalance in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters)
Diagnosis
Clinical assessment by a mental health professional Use of standardized questionnaires Medical evaluation to rule out other causes
Treatment
Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy) Antidepressant medications Lifestyle changes: exercise, social engagement, sleep regulation Support from family and community
Complications
Occupational and social dysfunction Substance abuse Suicidal thoughts or attempts Increased risk of chronic illnesses
Prevention
Early detection and intervention Stress management and coping strategies Maintaining healthy relationships Regular mental health check-ups