Overview
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs. It causes thick, sticky mucus to build up, leading to breathing difficulties, chronic infections, and digestive problems.
Symptoms
Persistent coughing with mucus Frequent lung infections Wheezing or shortness of breath Poor growth or weight gain despite good appetite Salty-tasting skin Difficulty with bowel movements
Causes
Inherited mutations in the CFTR gene Autosomal recessive inheritance (both parents must be carriers)
Diagnosis
Newborn screening Sweat chloride test Genetic testing Pulmonary function tests
Treatment
Medications to thin mucus and treat infections Chest physiotherapy to clear airways Pancreatic enzyme supplements Specialized nutrition and high-calorie diet Lung transplantation in severe cases
Complications
Chronic lung infections Respiratory failure Malnutrition Diabetes related to CF
Prevention
Genetic counselling for families with a history of CF No way to prevent the inherited condition itself