Overview
Constipation is a common condition where bowel movements become infrequent or difficult to pass. It can be occasional or chronic and may cause discomfort or bloating.
Symptoms
Fewer than three bowel movements per week Hard, dry, or lumpy stools Straining during bowel movements Sensation of incomplete emptying Abdominal discomfort or bloating
Causes
Low fibre diet Inadequate fluid intake Lack of physical activity Certain medications (e.g., painkillers, antacids) Ignoring the urge to pass stool Medical conditions (e.g., IBS, hypothyroidism)
Diagnosis
Medical history and symptom review Physical examination (including abdominal exam) Blood tests, colonoscopy, or imaging if chronic or unexplained
Treatment
Increase dietary fibre (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) Drink more fluids Exercise regularly Over-the-counter laxatives if needed (short term) Treat underlying conditions
Complications
Haemorrhoids Anal fissures Faecal impaction
Prevention
Maintain a high-fibre diet Stay hydrated Respond promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement