Overview
Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when increased pressure within a muscle compartment reduces blood flow, depriving muscles and nerves of oxygen. It can be acute (usually due to injury) or chronic (often exercise-related). Acute cases are a medical emergency and require prompt treatment to prevent permanent damage.
Symptoms
Severe pain that does not improve with rest or pain medication Tightness or swelling in the affected limb Numbness or tingling Pain that worsens when the muscle is stretched Weakness in the affected area
Causes
Fractures or severe injuries Crush injuries Prolonged limb compression Burns or tight bandages/casts Repetitive exercise in chronic cases
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the affected limb Measurement of compartment pressure using a needle device Patient history of recent injury or activity
Treatment
Acute: Emergency surgery (fasciotomy) to relieve pressure Chronic: Activity modification, physiotherapy, or surgery if persistent Removal of tight dressings or casts if causing pressure
Complications
Permanent muscle or nerve damage Loss of limb function In severe cases, amputation
Prevention
Proper treatment of limb injuries Avoid overly tight casts or bandages Stop exercise if experiencing persistent pain or swelling