Overview
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammation of the pancreas that gradually impairs its ability to function properly. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest food and hormones such as insulin to regulate blood sugar. Chronic pancreatitis can lead to malnutrition, diabetes, and persistent abdominal pain.
Symptoms
Persistent or recurrent abdominal pain, often in the upper abdomen Nausea and vomiting Unintended weight loss Fatty stools (steatorrhea) Diabetes in advanced cases Loss of appetite
Causes
Long-term heavy alcohol consumption (most common cause) Genetic disorders affecting the pancreas Blocked pancreatic duct due to gallstones or tumors Autoimmune conditions High calcium levels or high triglycerides in the blood
Diagnosis
Medical history and physical examination Blood tests to evaluate pancreatic function and check for diabetes Imaging tests such as abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI Endoscopic ultrasound to detect structural changes in the pancreas Stool tests to assess fat absorption
Treatment
Avoiding alcohol and smoking Pain management with medications Enzyme replacement therapy to aid digestion Dietary modifications (small, frequent meals; low-fat diet) Insulin therapy if diabetes develops Surgical procedures for blocked ducts or severe complications
Complications
Diabetes mellitus Malnutrition and weight loss Pancreatic pseudocysts Increased risk of pancreatic cancer Chronic pain affecting quality of life
Prevention
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption Quit smoking Maintain a healthy diet and body weight Manage underlying conditions, such as high triglycerides or calcium Regular check-ups if you have a family history or genetic risk factors