Overview
Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . It leads to severe watery diarrhea and dehydration, which can become life-threatening if untreated. Cholera is typically spread through contaminated water or food.
Symptoms
Profuse watery diarrhea (often described as “rice-water stools”) Vomiting Rapid dehydration Thirst Muscle cramps Low blood pressure and rapid heart rate in severe cases
Causes
Drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae Eating contaminated food, especially raw or undercooked seafood Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions
Diagnosis
Medical history and symptom review Stool test for Vibrio cholerae Assessment of dehydration severity
Treatment
Prompt rehydration with oral rehydration salts (ORS) or intravenous fluids Antibiotics in severe cases to reduce bacterial load Zinc supplements in children to help recovery Continued hygiene and safe food practices
Complications
Severe dehydration Shock Kidney failure Death if untreated
Prevention
Drinking safe, clean water Properly washing and cooking food Maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene Vaccination in high-risk areas