Overview
Burns and scalds are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, friction, or radiation. Burns from hot liquids or steam are referred to as scalds. Severity can range from mild to life-threatening.
Causes
Contact with flames or hot objects Spilled hot liquids or steam Electrical accidents Chemical exposure Sunburns from excessive UV exposure
Signs and Symptoms
Redness, blistering, or charring of the skin Pain, swelling, or numbness in the affected area Peeling or sloughing of skin in severe burns Shock symptoms in extensive burns (pale, clammy skin, rapid pulse)
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the burn depth and size Assessment of affected body surface area Checking for inhalation injuries or complications in severe burns
Treatment
Immediate cooling of the burn with running cool water for 10–20 minutes Cleaning and dressing the wound to prevent infection Pain management with medications Topical antibiotics or burn creams for minor burns Hospitalization, fluid replacement, and specialized care for severe burns
Prevention and Care
Keep hot liquids, chemicals, and flames out of children’s reach Use protective gear when handling hot objects or chemicals Install smoke detectors and fire extinguishers at home Practice safe cooking and heating habits Seek prompt medical care for any burn that is deep, large, or causes severe pain