Overview
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. It can be acute or chronic and is characterized by coughing and difficulty breathing.
Causes
Viral infections, most commonly Bacterial infections (less common) Exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke, dust, fumes, or air pollution Chronic conditions such as asthma or COPD
Signs and Symptoms
Persistent cough, often with mucus Wheezing or shortness of breath Fatigue Chest discomfort or tightness Mild fever and chills (more common in acute bronchitis) Recurring respiratory infections (in chronic bronchitis)
Diagnosis
Physical examination and listening to the lungs Medical history review Chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia Sputum test to check for infection Pulmonary function tests for chronic bronchitis or COPD
Treatment
Rest and hydration Over-the-counter medications for cough and fever Inhalers or bronchodilators for wheezing or chronic conditions Antibiotics only if bacterial infection is confirmed Avoiding irritants such as smoke and pollutants
Prevention and Care
Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke Practice good hand hygiene to prevent infections Get vaccinated for influenza and pneumonia Use masks or protective equipment in dusty or polluted environments Seek prompt medical attention if symptoms worsen or persist