Overview
Breast cancer in men is a rare type of cancer that develops in the breast tissue of men. Although uncommon, it can occur, typically in older men.
Causes and Risk Factors
Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1 or BRCA2) Family history of breast cancer Hormonal imbalances, such as elevated estrogen levels Radiation exposure to the chest Age, usually affecting men over 60 Liver disease or conditions affecting hormone levels
Signs and Symptoms
A lump or swelling in the breast tissue Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling or puckering Inversion of the nipple Nipple discharge, which may be bloody Pain or tenderness in the breast area Enlarged lymph nodes under the arm or near the collarbone
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the breast and lymph nodes Mammogram or ultrasound imaging Biopsy of the breast tissue to confirm cancer Blood tests and genetic testing if hereditary risk is suspected
Treatment and Management
Surgery to remove the tumor (mastectomy or lumpectomy) Radiation therapy to destroy remaining cancer cells Chemotherapy for aggressive or advanced cancers Hormone therapy if the cancer is hormone receptor-positive Targeted therapy based on genetic or molecular features of the tumor
Prevention and Early Detection
Regular self-examination of the breast tissue Prompt reporting of any lumps or changes to a healthcare professional Genetic counseling for men with a family history of breast cancer Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding risk factors such as excessive alcohol consumption