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Body dysmorphic disorder

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This information supports, and does not replace, advice from your healthcare professional.

Overview

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where a person becomes obsessively preoccupied with perceived flaws or defects in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. This can cause significant emotional distress and interfere with daily life.

Causes

Genetic factors and family history of mental health conditions Abnormalities in brain chemistry or structure Psychological factors such as low self-esteem, perfectionism, or trauma Societal and cultural pressure to meet appearance standards

Symptoms

Obsessive focus on perceived defects in appearance Frequent checking in mirrors or avoiding mirrors entirely Excessive grooming, skin picking, or cosmetic procedures Social anxiety, withdrawal, or avoidance of social situations Depression, stress, or suicidal thoughts in severe cases

Diagnosis

Comprehensive mental health evaluation by a psychiatrist or psychologist Discussion of preoccupations, behaviors, and emotional impact Ruling out other mental health disorders such as OCD or depression

Treatment

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to address negative thought patterns Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) if needed Support groups or therapy sessions to improve coping strategies Education and involvement of family members for support

Management & Care

Practice self-care and mindfulness techniques Limit comparison with others, especially on social media Follow a structured routine and engage in hobbies or activities Seek professional help early if symptoms interfere with daily life

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