Overview
High blood pressure , or hypertension , is a condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Over time, it can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems.
Causes
Genetic factors and family history Unhealthy diet, especially high salt intake Lack of physical activity Obesity and overweight Excessive alcohol consumption Stress and certain chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, kidney disease)
Symptoms
High blood pressure often has no noticeable symptoms, which is why it is called the "silent killer." Severe cases may cause:
Headaches Shortness of breath Vision problems Chest pain Fatigue or confusion
Diagnosis
Regular blood pressure measurements at home or clinic Monitoring over multiple visits to confirm hypertension Blood and urine tests to check for underlying conditions Electrocardiogram (ECG) or echocardiogram to assess heart health
Treatment
Lifestyle changes: healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management Reducing salt and alcohol intake Medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, or calcium channel blockers Regular monitoring and follow-up with a healthcare professional
Prevention & Care
Maintain a healthy weight Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes per week) Limit alcohol, avoid smoking, and manage stress Regularly monitor blood pressure, especially if you have risk factors