Overview
Benign prostate enlargement (BPE) , also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland in men. It can cause urinary problems due to pressure on the urethra.
Causes
Age-related hormonal changes, especially increased dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Family history of BPE Other health conditions like diabetes or heart disease may contribute
Symptoms
Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia) Difficulty starting or stopping urination Weak urine stream Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying Urgency to urinate
Diagnosis
Medical history and physical examination, including digital rectal exam (DRE) Urine tests to check for infection or blood Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test Ultrasound or other imaging if needed
Treatment
Lifestyle changes such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake Medications like alpha-blockers or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors Minimally invasive procedures (e.g., laser therapy, transurethral microwave therapy) Surgery (transurethral resection of the prostate, TURP) for severe cases
Prognosis
Generally good with proper management Complications can include urinary tract infections, bladder stones, or kidney damage if untreated
Prevention & Management
Maintain a healthy weight and regular exercise Limit alcohol and caffeine intake Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider for early detection