Overview
Bell's palsy is a sudden, temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face. It occurs when the facial nerve becomes inflamed or compressed, affecting facial movements.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown in most cases Viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, may trigger inflammation of the facial nerve Risk factors include diabetes, pregnancy, or recent respiratory infections
Symptoms
Sudden weakness or drooping on one side of the face Drooling and difficulty closing the eye Loss of taste on the front two-thirds of the tongue Increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side Pain or discomfort around the jaw or behind the ear
Diagnosis
Clinical examination of facial muscle movement Ruling out other causes of facial paralysis (stroke, tumors, infections) Sometimes imaging (MRI or CT) if the diagnosis is uncertain
Treatment
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation of the facial nerve Antiviral medications if a viral cause is suspected Physical therapy and facial exercises to maintain muscle tone Protecting the eye from dryness using lubricating drops or an eye patch Surgery is rarely needed unless complications arise
Prognosis
Most people recover fully within 3 to 6 months Some may experience residual facial weakness or abnormal movements Early treatment improves the likelihood of full recovery
Prevention & Management
There is no guaranteed way to prevent Bell's palsy Maintaining general health and managing risk factors like diabetes may help Prompt medical attention for sudden facial weakness is essential