Overview
Balanitis is inflammation of the head (glans) of the penis, often accompanied by redness, swelling, and discomfort. It can affect males of any age but is more common in uncircumcised men. In many cases, balanitis is linked to infection, poor hygiene, or irritation.
Causes
Poor genital hygiene Bacterial or fungal infections (e.g., Candida yeast) Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Allergic reactions to soaps, lotions, or latex Skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema Diabetes (increased risk of infection)
Symptoms
Redness and swelling of the glans Pain or tenderness Itching or irritation Thick or foul-smelling discharge under the foreskin Difficulty retracting the foreskin (phimosis)
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the penis Swab test to identify bacteria, fungi, or viruses Urine or blood tests to check for diabetes or STIs
Treatment
Improved hygiene with gentle cleaning and drying Antifungal creams or oral medications for yeast infections Antibiotics for bacterial infections Topical corticosteroids for inflammation Circumcision in recurrent or severe cases
Complications
Phimosis (tight foreskin that cannot be retracted) Recurrent infections Scarring of the foreskin
Prevention
Maintain good genital hygiene Avoid harsh soaps and irritants Manage underlying conditions like diabetes Use protection during sexual activity