Overview
A Baker's cyst , also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that forms behind the knee. It is usually caused by an underlying knee problem that leads to excess production of synovial fluid, which collects in the popliteal bursa. While not always serious, it can cause discomfort and restrict movement.
Causes
Knee joint conditions such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis Knee injuries like meniscus tears Inflammation of the knee joint
Symptoms
Swelling behind the knee Knee stiffness or tightness Pain that worsens with activity or prolonged standing Occasionally, redness and warmth if inflamed
Diagnosis
Physical examination of the knee Ultrasound to confirm the presence of fluid MRI to check for underlying joint damage
Treatment
Treat underlying cause (arthritis management, repair of meniscus tear) Rest, ice, and compression Anti-inflammatory medications Fluid drainage (aspiration) if severe Rarely, surgery if persistent or complicated
Complications
Cyst rupture causing sharp pain and swelling in the calf Chronic knee stiffness
Prevention
Manage knee arthritis early Protect knees from injury during sports Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint stress