Overview
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the normal bacterial flora, with a decrease in lactobacilli and an overgrowth of other bacteria. It is not strictly a sexually transmitted infection, but sexual activity can influence its development.
Causes
Overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in the vagina Decrease in beneficial lactobacilli New or multiple sexual partners Douching Use of certain hygiene products that disrupt vaginal pH
Symptoms
Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge Fishy odor, especially after sex Mild vaginal itching or irritation Some women may have no symptoms
Diagnosis
Pelvic examination Microscopic examination of vaginal fluid pH testing (BV usually >4.5) Whiff test using potassium hydroxide solution
Treatment
Oral or vaginal antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole or clindamycin) Avoid douching and scented vaginal products Treat sexual partners only if recurrent BV occurs
Prevention
Limit the number of sexual partners Use condoms to reduce risk Avoid vaginal douching Maintain healthy vaginal pH