Overview
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. Symptoms and severity vary widely across individuals.
Causes
Genetic factors and family history Differences in brain structure and function Environmental influences during prenatal development Advanced parental age
Symptoms
Difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communication Challenges in social interactions and understanding social cues Repetitive behaviors or restricted interests Strong preference for routines and predictability Unusual responses to sensory input (light, sound, touch)
Diagnosis
Developmental screening during routine check-ups Comprehensive evaluation by a specialist (psychologist, neurologist, or developmental pediatrician) Observation of social behavior, communication, and play skills Standardized assessment tools such as ADOS-2 or ADI-R
Treatment
Behavioral interventions (e.g., Applied Behavior Analysis) Speech and language therapy Occupational therapy to address sensory and daily living skills Social skills training Medication to manage co-occurring conditions, if needed
Management
Early diagnosis and intervention improve outcomes Individualized support plans at home, school, and community Parental and caregiver education and support Regular monitoring and therapy adjustments