Overview
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to a buildup of plaque, consisting of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This can restrict blood flow and lead to serious cardiovascular problems.
Causes
High cholesterol levels High blood pressure Smoking and tobacco use Diabetes and insulin resistance Obesity Chronic inflammation
Symptoms
Often asymptomatic in early stages Chest pain or angina Shortness of breath Fatigue Leg pain when walking (claudication) Weakness or numbness in limbs
Diagnosis
Blood tests to check cholesterol and triglycerides Electrocardiogram (ECG) for heart function Ultrasound or CT scans to detect plaque buildup Angiography to visualize blocked arteries Physical examination for signs of poor circulation
Treatment
Lifestyle modifications: healthy diet, exercise, quitting smoking Medications to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, or prevent clotting Surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery in severe cases Regular monitoring of cardiovascular health
Complications
Heart attack Stroke Peripheral artery disease Aneurysms Chronic kidney disease due to reduced blood flow
Prevention & Management
Maintain healthy cholesterol and blood pressure levels Adopt a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Engage in regular physical activity Avoid tobacco and limit alcohol consumption Manage diabetes and other chronic conditions effectively