Overview
Aspergillosis is an infection or allergic response caused by the Aspergillus fungus. It primarily affects the respiratory system, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or existing lung conditions.
Causes
Exposure to Aspergillus spores, commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and dust Weakened immune system – due to chemotherapy, organ transplant, or corticosteroid use Pre-existing lung conditions – such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, or tuberculosis
Symptoms
Fever and chills Cough, sometimes with blood Shortness of breath or wheezing Fatigue and weight loss Chest pain Allergic reactions – such as skin rashes or asthma exacerbation
Diagnosis
Physical examination and symptom review Chest X-ray or CT scan to detect lung involvement Laboratory tests – blood tests, sputum cultures, or tissue biopsy Allergy testing if allergic aspergillosis is suspected
Treatment
Antifungal medications such as voriconazole or itraconazole Surgery to remove fungal masses in severe cases Corticosteroids for allergic forms of aspergillosis Managing underlying lung conditions to prevent recurrence Supportive care – oxygen therapy if breathing is affected
Complications
Chronic lung damage Spread of infection to other organs in immunocompromised individuals Respiratory failure in severe cases Allergic reactions leading to worsening asthma or sinus disease
Prevention & Management
Avoid exposure to environments with high levels of Aspergillus spores (e.g., compost heaps, decaying plants) Use masks or protective equipment in high-risk areas Prompt treatment of lung conditions Regular medical follow-up for immunocompromised individuals